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Gp induces cell death by
2021-10-16
Gp120 induces cell death by apoptotic mechanisms and increases intracellular Ca, and activates messengers related to cell death. Intracellular mechanisms of neuronal damage are mainly a consequence of the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) [2], [5], which induces excitotoxicity
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There is sufficient evidence to indicate that kisspeptin pla
2021-10-16
There is sufficient evidence to indicate that kisspeptin plays a role in regulating sheep reproduction. However, the molecular mechanism by which kisspeptin regulates GnRH GSK1070916 and reproduction has remained unclear. Therefore, in this study on GnRH in sheep, the promoter region of GnRH was cl
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br Results br Discussion Postsynaptic trafficking of AMPA
2021-10-16
Results Discussion Postsynaptic trafficking of AMPA receptors, a process responsible for maintaining the steady-state level of AMPA receptor synaptic transmission, is believed to also actively partake in glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in principal neurons, such the hippocampal CA1 cells. He
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Recently several dual GLP GIP receptor
2021-10-16
Recently, several dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists have been developed as a treatment of type II diabetes. These peptides can activate both the GLP-1 and the GIP receptor. Such dual receptor agonists are superior compared to single GLP-1 analogues such as liraglutide (Finan et al., 2013). Previously
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In this study we saw
2021-10-16
In this study, we saw change in GHS-R1a mRNA expression in fasting condition. It is noteworthy that changes in ghrelin and GHS-R1a mRNA expression synchronized in organs were examined. In the SB 216763 synthesis and pituitary, gene expression increased 4days after fasting, and the increased level d
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PRX-08066 In terms of stimulation oxytocin dopamine noradren
2021-10-16
In terms of stimulation, oxytocin, dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and glucagon have all been reported to increase ghrelin secretion (Mundinger et al., 2006, Iwakura et al., 2011, de la Cour et al., 2007, Gagnon and Anini, 2013). Stimulatory effects on ghrelin secretion have also been observed w
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Many natural flavonoids have been identified
2021-10-15
Many natural flavonoids have been identified as influencing ionotropic GABA receptors through bioassay-guided fractionation of plant extracts (Fig. 4). HPLC-based activity profiling of extracts the traditional Chinese herbal drug Kushen (Sophora flavescens root) led to the identification of the 8-la
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Moreover intestinal chronic inflammation is a promoting
2021-10-15
Moreover, intestinal chronic inflammation is a promoting factor in the development of CRC in patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We have previously shown that pharmacological FXR activation via its ligand obeticolic Sometimes counter
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Accordingly and in animal models a
2021-10-15
Accordingly and in animal models, a high-fat diet rich in CO (CO-HFD) impeded ventricular function and induced cardiac cell death and remodeling, at least, by down-regulating cell antioxidant defense systems and induction of oxidative stress [28], [29], [30], [31]. Interestingly, long chain fatty ac
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br Formation of secretory vesicles and
2021-10-15
Formation of secretory vesicles and trafficking toward plasma membrane Insulin and other components of the secretory granules are sorting and providing certain cues for Mouse SCF / C-kit ligand Protein (His Tag) off the adjacent TGN membrane, forming immature secretory clathrin coated vesicles
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br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br
2021-10-15
STAR★Methods Author Contributions Introduction Hyaluronan, a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is produced by hyaluronan synthases (HASs) and degraded by hyaluronidases (HYALs) (Vigetti et al., 2014). Physiologically, hyaluronan exists in a form with a molecular weight of
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stearoyl-coa desaturase Most studies of HIF have focused on
2021-10-15
Most studies of HIF-1α have focused on its transcriptional activity-dependent functions. However, our results indicate that the oxidative stress-related effects of mtHIF-1α occur independently of its translocation to the nucleus and do not require its transcriptional activity. In fact, several studi
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Recently it has been found
2021-10-15
Recently, it has been found that treatment of human phagocytic LED209 or microvascular endothelial cells with NO donors inhibited the O2− generating capacity of NADPH oxidase [[8], [9], [10], [11]], which may involve down-regulation or S‑nitrosylation of the p47phox subunit (a cytosolic subunit of
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STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank C Hong R Huang
2021-10-15
STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank C. Hong, R. Huang, and Z. Yu at the HHMI Janelia cryo-EM facility for help with microscope operation and data collection. We thank A. Müller, W. Kan, and W. Weis for help with the SEC-MALS analysis and M. Elazar and J. Glenn for the use of equipment. P. Love
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92 3 synthesis br GPR GPR has been described as a type canna
2021-10-15
GPR55 GPR55 has been described as a type 3 cannabinoid receptor due to its ability to detect endocannabinoids and may play a role in the endocannabinoid lipid sensing system [28]. GPR55 is activated by both cannabinoid endogenous agoinsts (endocannabinoids) and non-cannabinoids fatty acids namely
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