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Results indicated that superfusion of orexin alone glutamate
2022-05-11
Results indicated that superfusion of orexin alone, glutamate alone or orexin-glutamate co-administration significantly increases the spontaneous discharge rate of LC neurons in both morphine dependent and non-dependent rats (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). However, co-application of orexin and glutamate resulted
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br Experimental br Acknowledgments This project was generous
2022-05-11
Experimental Acknowledgments This project was generously supported by Grünenthal GmbH and IECB. We also thank the staff members of the technical platform of IECB and Grünenthal GmbH for their availability and their skills. Introduction Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential steroid hormones t
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Stimulation of FPR by bacterial
2022-05-11
Stimulation of FPR by bacterial N-formyl peptides induces basophil and mast Almorexant release of immunogenic compounds such as histamine [21], [31]. Furthermore, we demonstrated that histamine plays a role in F-MITs-induced sepsis-like symptoms since cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist,
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br Development of calibrators and controls for DiXaIs br
2022-05-11
Development of calibrators and controls for DiXaIs Method validation and comparison with reference technique (LC:MS) At this stage, anti-Factor Xa bioassays can be established for reliably measuring DiXaI concentrations in plasma, with the available appropriate drug specific calibrators and co
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br Introduction Before planning population based genetic ana
2022-05-11
Introduction Before planning population-based genetic analysis or GWAS, it is important to annotate the sequence of the gene because these sequences represent the major sites such as promoter and transcription factor SMI-4a receptor which may ultimately affect the expression of the gene. Similar
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With the increasing use of INSTIs
2022-05-11
With the increasing use of INSTIs in clinical practice, drug resistance to this class in different HIV-1 subtypes should be carefully monitored and investigated. Studies on HIV-1 diversity and drug resistance would greatly help our understanding of viral transmission, pathogenesis and ART resistance
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Integrase inhibitors have been licensed for use in the
2022-05-11
Integrase inhibitors have been licensed for use in the UK since 2008. BHIVA now recommend starting all treatment naïve patients on a regimen containing two NRTIs, plus one of the following: a ritonavir boosted PI, an NNRTI, or an integrase inhibitor. They make further recommendations for patients wi
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Dysregulation of catecholaminergic neurotransmission particu
2022-05-11
Dysregulation of catecholaminergic neurotransmission, particularly the dopaminergic system, has long been correlated with the development of neuroinflammation and HAND. Studies specifically examining role of catecholamines in HIV pathogenesis, particularly focused on NeuroHIV, are relatively few. Ho
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The CRY protein contains a
2022-05-10
The CRY1 protein contains a conserved photolyase homology region crucially involved in repression of CLOCK/BMAL1; a C-terminal helix also known as the predicted coiled coil (CC), which interacts with PER2 and FBXL3 in a mutually exclusive manner; and a C-terminal extension also referred to as the “t
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HO acted as an intracellular defender against oxidative stre
2022-05-10
HO-1 acted as an intracellular defender against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. To elucidate the effects of HO-1 in ropivacaine-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells, HO-1 activity was inhibited using a specific HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin, ZnPP. Our results indicate that ZnPP treatmen
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Lastly certain populations of immune cells may
2022-05-10
Lastly, certain populations of immune cells may be Hh responsive. Although PC have not been demonstrated in healthy liver-resident macrophages or lymphocytes, macrophages in injured livers have been shown to produce Hh ligands[58], [100], [101] and treating liver-derived macrophages with neutralisin
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Similarly towards the acylsulfamoyl benzoxaboroles the boron
2022-05-10
Similarly, towards the 5-acylsulfamoyl benzoxaboroles, the boronate intermediate was prepared according to , while the boronate , an intermediate towards 4-acylsulfamoyl benzoxaboroles, was prepared according to . The sulfonamides and used in the synthesis were made from the starting sulfonyl chl
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br Materials and methods br Results br
2022-05-10
Materials and methods Results Discussion Directly modulating specific target proteins and signaling pathways with small-molecule drugs or agonistic Cathepsin S inhibitor is widely used for cancer metastasis therapies [[39], [40], [41]]. ANXA7 acts as a metastasis suppressor in prostate can
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While the specific set of challenges associated
2022-05-10
While the specific set of challenges associated with deorphanization and transforming each poorly characterized GPCR into a useful drug target will be unique, much can be learned by considering how these issues have been addressed for other receptors. One group of poorly characterized GPCRs that hav
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br Acknowledgments br Introduction Obesity and type
2022-05-10
Acknowledgments Introduction Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two major chronic non-communicable diseases that are increasing worldwide at an alarming rate; the majority of people with T2D are overweight or obese, and T2D associated with obesity is expected to have doubled by 2030 (Chen e
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